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Abstract
Quality Control (QC) is a key inspection component of a robust quality management system. It focuses on monitoring processes at the machine or assembly level, aiming to detect, record, and categorize defects. QC systems often incorporate tools such as digital calipers, automated inspection systems, and Statistical Process Control (SPC) tools to ensure accuracy.On the other hand, Quality Assurance (QA) is a proactive approach designed to prevent defects before they occur. It integrates formal quality best practices such as Total Quality Management (TQM) and is often embedded within Lean or Six Sigma methodologies. Six Sigma, in particular, relies on five key principles to ensure products meet customer expectations while minimizing defects.Unlike QA, QC is reactive—it verifies standards and specifications after production. However, in modern connected factory ecosystems, this verification process is increasingly digital, allowing defects to be identified earlier in production.QA utilizes analytical tools such as histograms, control charts, and Pareto charts to identify trends and drive process improvements. By leveraging these insights, quality managers can implement strategic changes that enhance overall manufacturing efficiency and product quality.